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On June 1, 2005, SSPC issued GUIDE 15, Field Methods for Retrieval and
Analysis
of Soluble Salts on Steel and Other Non-Porous Substrates. This replaces
SSPC Technology Update No. 4 (1998), Field Methods for Retrieval and Analysis
of Soluble Salts on Substrates.
The following summarizes Guide 15:
3. Reference Standards - References SSPC SP5/NACE No. 1, White
Metal Blast Cleaning and
Parts 2, 5, 6, 9, 10 and 12 of ISO 8502, Preparation of Steel Substrates
before Application of Paints and Related Products - Tests for Assessment
of Surface Cleanliness.
4. Retrieval Methods - Establishes 3 different classifications of retrieval methods:
4.1.1 Class A - Involves containing a liquid in contact with known surface area. Requires turbulence for retrieval.
A1: Latex Patch Retrieval Method (Bresle)
A2: Latex Sleeve Retrieval Method (KTA-Chlor*Test SCAT Kit)
4.1.2 Class B - Uses a known volume of liquid in contact with a measured area that is in contact with the surface.
B1: Swabbing or Washing Methods (KTA-Swab SCAT Kit)
B2: Filter Paper Extraction Method
4.1.3 Class C - Boiling Extraction Method (LABORATORY)
4.2 Extract Solution - Indicates that distilled water should be pre-tested for conductivity of less than 5 microsiemens per centimeter (µS/cm). Deionized water is preferred. Proprietary solutions should be used per manufacturer's instructions.
4.3 Patch Cell Retrieval
- Extract air
- Insert 3 mL water, rub 10-15 seconds, and repeat 3 more times.
- Note the Bresle patch (square) is 12.25 cm2; the Bresle Sampler (round) is 12.5 cm2.
- Place water into clean vial to analyze.
4.4 Sleeve Retrieval
- Pour pre-measured extract into sleeve
- Remove air from sleeve
- Massage solution against surface for a minimum 2 minutes, six (6) minutes is preferred.
4.5 Swabbing or Washing
- Mark a specific size using a ruler (6 inch by 6 inch recommended)
- Measure 22.5 mL of water into 2 different beakers (A & B)
- Using tweezers/gloves, swab surface with moistened cotton balls (total of 5)
- Swirl cotton ball in water and squeeze against side, and then leave it in beaker A.
- Stir 2 minutes, record volume, then test
- Use 5 cotton balls, immerse in beaker B, stir, sit and cover for 3 minutes. Test as control sample.
4.6 Filter Paper
- Eject 2 ml water on surface
- Cover with manufacturer approved filter paper and press firmly on surface to remove air.
- Allow it to sit for 2 minutes. Remove and analyze.
5. Analytical Methods
5.2 Conductivity Testing - Pocket-type (Horiba) and Cup-type conductivity meters. Conductivity meters rely on two readings, a control and the sample. The control value is subtracted from the sample value.
Appendix C provides a procedure and formulas for estimating the equivalent chloride ion surface concentrations from the conductivity extract.
5.3 Field Procedure for Analyzing Filter Paper - The filter paper is placed over the electrodes of the resistivity meter and a direct reading is provided in micrograms per square centimeter.
5.4 Field Procedure for Detection of Chloride Ion by Ion Detection Tube - Uses sealed vacuum tubes that are exposed to the extract solution. Once the solution has reached the top of the tube, the level of chloride ion is read from the gradations on the side of the tube. Most tubes have a detection range of +0-60 ppm.
5.5 Field Procedure for Detection of Chloride Ion by Paper Strip Method - Uses test strips that are placed into the extract solution. Once the solution has reached the top of the strip, the scale number is recorded. The scale number must be converted using the conversion chart on the bottle. The range of concentration over which this method is useful is 30-600+ ppm, with a precision of +/- 10%.
5.6 Field Procedure for Detection of Chloride Ion by Field Titration Method - Uses commercially available test kit comprised of four solutions. Drops of the respective solutions are "titrated" into the sample solution to achieve a color change. The number of "drops" necessary to achieve the color change is used to calculate a maximum surface concentration.
5.7 Laboratory Reference Method for Detection of Chloride Ion by Titration - Uses titration similar to the above in a laboratory setting.
5.8 Qualitative Field Detection of Ferrous Ion - Uses blotting paper treated with potassium ferricyanide solution. The paper is moistened, placed on the test surface and observed for a color change to indicate if ferrous ion is present.
5.9 Quantitative Field Detection of Ferrous Ion - Uses a ferrous ion test strips that are placed into the extract solution. The color of strip is compared to a color chart on the bottle. Typical concentration ranges from 0.5 PPM to 10 PPM ferrous ion.
5.10 Field Detection of Sulfate Ion - Uses barium chloride and
a comparator to determine of the test solution becomes cloudy (turbid).
The cloudiness is then compared to a chart on the bottle. The minimum
level that can be detected in 20 PPM sulfate ion.
5.11 Field Detection of Sulfate Ion by Photoelectric Colorimeter - This is a proprietary method that uses an electronic microprocessor to measure turbidity after the barium chloride is added. The range is 1 to 100 PPM
5.12 Field Detection of Nitrate Ion by Paper Strip - Uses a test strip that is placed into the extract solution. The color of strip is compared to a color chart on the bottle. The detection range is up to 50 PPM nitrate ion.
APPENDIX A: Boiling Extract Method - Provides laboratory method
APPENDIX B: Conversions
B1: Determining Surface Concentration from Solution Concentration
B2: Determining Solution Concentration from Surface Concentration
APPENDIX C: Determining Equivalent Surface Concentration from Conductivity
C1: Equivalent Surface Concentration of Chloride from Conductivity of
Chloride Solution
C2: Equivalent Surface Concentration of Total Salt from Conductivity
C3: Comparison of Methods C.1 and C.2
APPENDIX D: Discussion and Sources of Extract Efficiency
APPENDIX E: Sources of Testing Equipment and Supplies
To purchase Guide 15, please visit sspc.org. or call SSPC at 1.877.281.7772.
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